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首页 >考试指南>
ICAO>语言熟练等级 |
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等级
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ICAO
6 (专家) |
发音 |
发音、重音、韵律及声调受到母语或地区影响,但在理解时几乎没有问题. |
语法 |
简单或复杂的语法结构和文字式样被持续良好地调节. |
词汇 |
词汇量和正确性对各种主题的有效对话充分,并使用惯用表现和细微差别的赋予感觉的词汇. |
流畅程度 |
很自然、轻松地表达较长文句,并通过对内容流程赋予变化来进行强调.很自然地使用信号词(嗯、是). |
理解能力 |
几乎对全部文章脉络,有一贯性地正确理解语言和文化的微妙部分. |
交流能力 |
几乎对全部状况,可以轻松交流,并敏感、适当的反应相关语言或非语言的暗示. |
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等级
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发音 |
发音、重音、韵律及声调受到母语或地区影响,但在理解时几乎没有障碍. |
语法 |
简单或复杂的语法结构和文字式样被持续良好地调节.基本的语法结构和文章式样被一贯地受到调节.虽然想表达复杂的语法结构,但偶尔发生歪曲原意的错误.
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词汇 |
共同的、明确的、业务相关主题的对话,具有充分的词汇和正确性,但经常一贯地、成功地.以不同方式表达出来.词汇偶尔具有观念性.
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流畅程度 |
对熟悉的主题,相对轻松地表达较长文句,但是如文体对文句的流程没有变化.可以使用信号词(嗯、是).
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理解能力 |
与业务相关主题的对话,普遍地、具体地正确,且在语言方面,对状况的复杂或对未预知状况,几乎可以正确表达出语言, 可以理解各种话题的范围(方言/抑扬) .
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交流能力 |
即时、适当地对信息作出反应.可以有效管理听者和说者的关系.
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等级
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ICAO
4 (操作) |
发音 |
发音、重音、韵律及声调受到母语或地区影响,但偶尔在理解时有些障碍. |
语法 |
简单或复杂的语法结构和文字式样被持续良好地调节. |
词汇 |
共同的、明确的、业务相关主题的对话,具有充分的词汇和正确性,但对非日常性、未预知的状况,因为词汇的缺乏,经常以不同方式表达出来. |
流畅程度 |
可以以适当的速度长篇大论,但是在重新说出或无意识地交流的正式场合演讲时,流畅程度较差,但对有效的交流不受任何障碍.有限地使用信号词(嗯、是).插入语不会带来混乱.
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理解能力
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使用的重音或多样性对外国人不确切来讲,如果是可以充分听懂的水平时,共同的、明确的、业务相关主题的理解能力大体正确.
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交流能力 |
大体上提供即时、适当的信息.而且,对有益但未预知的对话时期,可以开始或维持对话.通过确认、检查、明确化,可以保障错误理解的部分.
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等级
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ICAO
3 (操作入门) |
发音 |
发音、重音、韵律及声调受到母语或地区影响,理解时经常发生障碍. |
语法 |
对可以预想到的状况、基本语法结构和文章形状,经常无法调节.错误较多,影响意思的表达.
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词汇 |
共同的、明确的、业务相关主题的对话,具有充分的词汇和正确性,但词汇量有限,而且经常使用不恰当的词汇.因为词汇的缺乏,经常不能轻松地解释出来.
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流畅程度 |
可以长篇大论,但是在语句和停顿方面经常不恰当.经常踌躇、语速缓慢而对有效的交流成为障碍.插入语时而带来混乱.
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理解能力 |
使用的重音或多样性对外国人不确切来讲,如果可以充分听懂,可以共同、明确地理解,但是对未预知事件或语言、状况复杂时,发生理解错误.
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交流能力 |
交流时时而可以提供即刻、恰当的信息.对熟悉的主题和预知的状况,通过简单的逻辑,开始对话并维持变化.对未预知的对话状况,一般来讲不恰当.
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等级
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ICAO
2 (初级) |
发音 |
发音、重音、韵律及声调严重受到母语或地区影响,难于理解. |
语法 |
单纯地把背诵的语法结构和文章形式有限地表现出来. |
词汇 |
以有限的词汇量,使用个别词汇或背诵的语句表现出来. |
流畅程度 |
非常简短、隔离地、经常停顿、且不明确地,利用背诵内容表现出来. |
理解能力 |
慎重、缓慢地表现出来时,在隔离、背诵的语句范围之内理解.
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交流能力 |
交流时间缓慢,且经常不切实际.限定在单纯、固定的日常对话.
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等级
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发音 |
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语法 |
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词汇 |
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流畅程度 |
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理解能力 |
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交流能力 |
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LEVEL |
EXPERT
LEVEL 6 |
PRONUNCIATION |
Pronunciation,
stress, rhythm, and intonation, though possibly
influenced by the first language or regional
variation, almost never interfere with understanding. |
STRUCTURE |
Both
basic and complex grammatical structures
and sentence patterns are consistently well
controlled. |
VOCABULARY |
Vocabulary
range and accuarcy are sufficient to communicate
effectively on a wide variety of familiar
and unfamiliar topics. Vocabulary is idimatic,
nuaneed, and sensitive to register. |
FLUENCY |
Able
to speak at length with a natural, effortless
flow.
Varies speech flow for stylistic effect,
e.g.to emphasize a point. Uses appropriate
discourse markers and connectors spontancously. |
COMPREHENSION |
Comprehension
is consistently accurate in nearly all contexts
and included comprehension of linguistic
and cultural subtletics. |
INTERACTIONS |
Interacts
with ease in nearly all situcations. Is
sensitive to verbal and non-verbal cues,
and responds to them appropriately. |
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LEVEL |
EXTENDED
LEVEL 5 |
PRONUNCIATION |
Pronunciation,
stress, rhythm, and intonation, though influenced
by the first language or regional variation,
rarely interfere with understanding. |
STRUCTURE |
Basic
grammatical structures and sentence patterns
are consistently well controlled, Complex
structures are attempted but with errors
which sometimes interfere with meaning. |
VOCABULARY |
Vocabulary
range and accuracy are sufficient to communicate
effecively on common, concrete,and work
related topics.
Paraphrasers consisitently and successfully.
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FLUENCY |
Able
to speak at length with relatice ease on
familiar topics, but may not vary speech
flow as a stylistic device.Can make use
of appropriat discourse markers or connectors |
COMPREHENSION |
Comprehension
is accurate on common, concretem and work
related topics and mostly accurate when
the speaker is conforonted with al linguistic
or situational complication or anunexpeted
tour of events. Is able to comprehend a
range of speech varieties(dialict and/or
accent)or registers. |
INTERACTIONS |
Responses
areimmediate, appropriate, and informative.
Manages the speaker/listener relationship
effectively. |
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LEVEL |
OPERATIONAL
LEVEL 4 |
PRONUNCIATION |
Pronunclation,
stress, rhythm, and intonation are influenced
by the first language or regional variation
but only sometimes interfere with understanding |
STRUCTURE |
Basic grammatical
structures and sentence patterns are used
creaticely and are usually well contrlled,
Errors may occur, particularly in unusual
or unexpected circumstances, but rarely
interfere with meaning. |
VOCABULARY |
Vocabulary range
and accuracy are usually sufficient to communicate
effectively on common, concreatem and work
related topucs, Can often paraphrase successfully
when lacking vocabulary in unusual or unexpected
circumstances. |
FLUENCY |
Produces stretches
of language at an appropriate temp. There
may be occasional loss of fluency on transition
form rehearsed or formulate speech to spontaneous
interaction, but this does not prevent effective
communication. Can make limite use of discourse
markers or connetors Fillers are not distracting. |
COMPREHENSION |
Comprehension is
mostly accurate on common, concrete, and
work related topics when the accent or variety
used is sufficiently intelligible for an
international communuity of users. When
the speaker is confronted with a linguistic
or situational complication or an unexpected
turn of events, comprehension may be slower
or require clarification strategles. |
INTERACTIONS |
Responses are usually
immediate, appropriate and informatice.
Initiates and mainitains exchages even when
dealing with anunexpected turn of events.
Deals adequately with apparent misunderstandings
by cheking confirming or clariflying. |
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LEVEL |
PRE-OPERATIONAL
LEVEL 3 |
PRONUNCIATION |
Pronuciation, stress,
rhythm, and intonation are influenced by
the first language or regional variation
and frequently interfere with inderstanding. |
STRUCTURE |
Basic urammiatical
structures and sentence patterns associated
with predictable situations are not always
well controlled.Errors frequently interfere
with meaning. |
VOCABULARY |
Vocabulary range
and accuacy are often sufficient to communicate
on coomn, concreate, or work related topucs
but range is limited and the word choice
often inappropriate. Is often unable to
paraphrase successfylly when lacking vocabulary. |
FLUENCY |
Produces stretches
of language, but phrasing and pausing are
often inappropriate. Hesitations or slowness
in language processing may prevent effective
communication.Fillers are sometimes distracting. |
COMPREHENSION |
Comprehension is
often accurate on common, concreate, and
work related topucs when the accent or variety
used is sufficiently intelligible for aninternational
communuty of users. May fail to understand
a linguistic or situational complication
or an unexpected turn of events. |
INTERACTIONS |
Responses are sometimes
immediate appropriate, and informative.
Can initiate and maintain exchanges with
reasonalbe ease on familiar topics and predictable
situations.
Generally inadequate when dealing with an
unexpected turn of events. |
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LEVEL |
ELEMENTARY
LEVEL 2 |
PRONUNCIATION |
Prounciation, stress,
rhythm, and intonation are heavily influenced
by the first language or regional variateion
and usually onterfere with understanding. |
STRUCTURE |
Shows only limited
control of a few simple memorized grammatical
structures and sentence patterns. |
VOCABULARY |
Limited vocabulary
range consisting only of isolated words
and memorized phrases. |
FLUENCY |
Can producse very
short, isolated, memorized utterances with
frequent pausing and a distracting use of
fillers to search for expressions and to
articulateless familiar words. |
COMPREHENSION |
Comprehension is
limited to isolated, memorized phrases when
they are carefylly and slowly articulated. |
INTERACTIONS |
Response times
is slow, and often inappropriate. Interaction
is limited to simple routhine exchanges. |
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LEVEL |
PRE-ELEMENTARY
LEVEL 1 |
PRONUNCIATION |
Performs
at a level below the Elementary level. |
STRUCTURE |
Performs
at a level below the Elementary level. |
VOCABULARY |
Performs
at a level below the Elementary level. |
FLUENCY |
Performs
at a level below the Elementary level. |
COMPREHENSION |
Performs
at a level below the Elementary level. |
INTERACTIONS |
Performs
at a level below the Elementary level. |
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